Macbeth Final Draft - 1550 Words

â€Å"Ambition is like love, impatient both of delays and rivals.† – Buddha. Buddha was a wise man and knew that someone who is ambitious can get very impatient when it comes to delaying their plan and having rivals that share the same goals. Ambition is often the result of one good thing happening which leads to one pursuing their dreams more and more. Although ambition can be a good thing, it can also be bad. Twisting people s judgment on reality and making them perform actions they wouldn t normally do. Such is the case in Macbeth where ambition causes Macbeth to go through with a murderous plot to become king that involves his wife plotting the murder and going insane. In the play Macbeth, Shakespeare expresses the theme of ambition by†¦show more content†¦... Nought s had, all s spent, where our desire is not without content: tis safer to be that which we destroy, than by destruction dwell in doubtful joy. (3.2.4). When she has become Queen through the m urder of Duncan, she portrays for a moment something like disappointment, something like disillusionment. Her mind begins to become warped and distorts her ambition, driving her insane in the process. The Weird Sisters assured Macbeth that he himself should be king, but to Banquo they promised that his children should succeed to the crown. Macbeth is incensed by this decree of destiny. He is not content with the satisfaction of his own ambition. He wants to found a dynasty -- not to have murdered for the benefit of strangers. (Freud). This act alone of the witches will ensure a conflict between Macbeth and Banquo. Macbeth not wanting Banquo s children to have the throne, believing they did not earn it. This lead to Macbeth hiring men to kill Banquo. Thus ensuring that Macbeth and his family will rule Scotland, or so he thought. Conflict is a main theme of any story and Macbeth is no different. Yet, some conflict can be lead to by even the slightest foreshadowing. Shakespeare uses fo reshadowing to assist him portray the theme of ambition. All hail, Macbeth, thou shalt be king ... hereafter! [†¦] Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none: so all hail, Macbeth and Banquo! (1.3.6). This is quite obvious foreshadowing as the witches predict what will happenShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth 997 Words   |  4 PagesMacbeth Essay Final Draft The catalyst that initiated World War 1 is the murdering of the Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinad in June 28, 1914. In Macbeth by William Shakespeare, the witches are the main catalyst to all of Macbeth’s crimes. From the very beginning, the witches tells us that Macbeth is very critical to their evil scheme â€Å"There to meet with Macbeth†(1,1,5). It is from this instant that the witches make a everlasting connection between themselves and Macbeth â€Å"A drum, a drum, MacbethRead MoreUsing Gmail With Screen Readers904 Words   |  4 PagesInbox (1) Starred Important Sent Mail Drafts (6) Circles Personal Travel More Chat haider janjua A Mason bronzemek@hotmail.com Elle Stewart hsutcliffe Hutheifa Hussein Karina @ Kam Models Talent Kim Tian noreply pcalver Simone Connell More 1 of 29 Why this ad? SCTI.co.nz - Win with travel insurance - You could win $20,000 if you buy TravelCare online from Southern Cross Travel Insurance in 2014. Print all In new window Macbeth rebuild final Inbox x haider janjua haider.i.janjua@gmailRead MoreDoubtsUncertainties in Macbeth and Much Ado About Nothing1903 Words   |  8 PagesCA Draft Love, hate, fair and foul are tightly entwined around the core of drama. Although they are extreme opposite, they blur together to create the perfect partnership, which allows characters to appear different to their internal feelings. Whether it’s through the ‘barbed banter’ of ‘Much Ado About Nothing’ or the ‘saucy doubts and fears’ of Macbeth, Shakespeare presents scenarios where central characters place their credence where they should have agnosticism and their doubts where they shouldRead MorePyramus And Thisbe Vs. Romeo And Juliet1220 Words   |  5 PagesKevin Lord Josue Prof. Elizabeth Fogle CAMS 045 Final Paper/Final Draft August 15, 2014 Pyramus Thisbe vs. Romeo Juliet Tragic love stories have always been appealing to the literary world. This would be seen in Ovid s Pyramus and Thisbe and William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet. Ovid, one of Rome’s greatest poets, was famous for The Metamorphoses. His love stories were deeply emotional, yet very tragic. The story of Pyramus and Thisbe is the most emotional story in The MetamorphosesRead MoreHow to Write a Research Paper11497 Words   |  46 Pagesthen be eliminated. On the other hand, your reading will suggest new points that you may want to include as part of your outline. Your preliminary outline will be revised as you take notes, after you complete your research, and before you turn in the final version of your paper. Outline Guidelines Information has been borrowed from Sharon Sorenson s text Introduction To Research and James D. Lester, Sr. and James D. Lester, Jr. s text The Research Paper Handbook. Formal outlines requireRead MoreOrson Wells3937 Words   |  16 Pagesbrought Welles to the notice of John Houseman, who was casting for an unusual lead actor for the lead role in the Federal Theatre Project (â€Å"Orson† 2). In 1936 Welles was hired by Houseman to direct Macbeth for the Federal Theatre Project’s Negro Theatre Unit. The production later became known as Voodoo Macbeth because Welles set it in the Haitian court of King Henri Christophe and voodoo witch doctors played the three Weird Sisters. The play later toured the nation and Welles even flew to the locationRead MoreResearch Writing Across the Discipline5750 Words   |  23 Pagesproceed sequentially in accordance with your tentantive outline. It may be helfpful to include an additional means of indicating specific subcategories discussed by different authors. For example, you may choose to highlight all discussion of Lady Macbeth in a specific color; as a result, your notes will be organized both by author and specific subcategories. Some research may prove irrelevant to your topic and should therefore be excluded. If you find yourself strugging with specific notions setRead MoreDiscursive essay2703 Words   |  11 Pagesonline shopping affect our lives nowadays. 2 Write a second sentence supporting the first one, or describing the result of it. 3 Ask a question that you intend to answer in the essay. c Compare your introduction with a partner. Together, make a final version. TIPS for writing a discursive essay where you put both sides of an argument †¢ Brainstorm points for and against and decide which two or three you think are the most important. †¢ Use a neutral or formal style. †¢ Write a clear introductionRead MoreHumanities Test4641 Words   |  19 Pagesopening sentence survives of : Aristotles essay on comedy pg 236 12.   ( T or F ) Satire is always serious. It criticizes ideas and behaviors that are dangerous to society. False 13.   Shakespeares five great tragedies include: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, and: Romeo and Juliet. 14.   The plays of Chekhov feature: Naturalism pg 247-249 15.   Which of the following conventions is seldom found in Elizabethan theaters: Soliloquy or Elizabeth’s Sonnet 16. Know the plot summary of Oedipus Rex. Antigone:Read MoreMarket Reaction to the Adoption of Ifrs in Europe16957 Words   |  68 Pagesregarding technical accounting matters. After the IASB issues a standard, EFRAG reviews it and, after public consultation, EFRAG decides whether to recommend that the EC endorse the standard for use in Europe. Taking EFRAG’s advice into account, the EC drafts proposed regulation. The EC then seeks input from the Accounting Regulatory Committee (ARC). The ARC, a governmental organization comprised of representatives from each EU member state, reviews the regulation and provides its recommendation about

Essay on The Three Different French Empires - 1436 Words

The French empire has often been perceived as being one of the most difficult empires to define as a total whole (SOURCE). There is no such thing as one coherent history of the French empire, but rather the Empire could be divided up into roughly three different individual empires. One can distinguish between three different French empires as starting with the period of the rule of the ancià ©n regime, known as the Kingdom of France, lasting from 1594 to 1789. Subsequently, one can distinct the empire as created by Napoleon I as a second empire which lasted from 1804 to 1814 (and a brief restoration in 1805), which was the first to be actually named an empire, and finally the second French empire, founded by Napoleons nephew Napoleon III†¦show more content†¦So when crises hit, the third estate was always hit hardest as their taxes were increased dramatically to maintain the wealth of the other estates. More importantly, whereas the first and second estate had direct repres entation in the judicial bodies of the empire, the third estate did not and so their voices were barely if not at all heard. The before mentioned crises found their foundations in the engagement of the empire in several costly military endeavors, most notably the Seven Years War and the American Revolutionary War, as well as in persistent crop failures which damaged a partially agriculture-dependent economy. Resulting famines putting further pressure on the people and in addition to these social and economic inequalities the emerging ideas of the Enlightenment – striving for intellectual reasoning and individual equality rather than building upon tradition of inequality – were of significant influence. The result of the Revolution was a much more equal society, primarily through one of its most important documents, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. The document holds several important passages regarding the fundamental rights of people, claimin g these to beShow MoreRelatedNapoleon Bonaparte And The Reign Of Terror792 Words   |  4 Pages3.2~ The Reign of Terror was a point in time during the French Revolution in which Maximilien Robespierre attempted to live in â€Å"republic of virtue†, which didn’t end well for France. For instance, Robespierre ruled as a dictator in terms of remaining loyal to his duties. Also, another example would be his decisions which impacted his reputation along with his overall personality as a whole. First off foremost, Robespierre didn’t feel pity for his subjects and during the Reign of Terror, 40,000 peopleRead MoreWorld History : The Middle East1339 Words   |  6 Pagesdepict the event or era. Understanding a few Islamic historical events will clarify why world history is important and why the Global Middle East is being studied. The three events/eras that will be discussed are: the Roman Empire and its effect on the Global Middle East (306-337 CE), Ottoman religiou s propaganda in the 1530s, and the French invading Egypt in 1798. (class discussion 9/29) As previously mentioned, one must acquire a world history foundation in order to understand the history of the GlobalRead MoreBackground Information On The Sykes Picot Agreement1298 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Information on the Sykes-Picot Agreement After the war broke out in the summer of 1914, the Allies—Britain, France and Russia—held many discussions regarding the future of the Ottoman Empire, now fighting on the side of Germany and the Central Powers, and its vast expanse of territory in the Middle East, Arabia and southern-central Europe. In March 1915, Britain signed a secret agreement with Russia, whose designs on the empire’s territory had led the Turks to join forces with GermanyRead MoreDifference Between French Revolution And American Revolution1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Difference between French Revolution and American Revolution Western Europe and the Colonies in the New World experienced major wars during the 18 century: the American Revolution (1775-1783) and the French Revolution (1789-1799), Both were inspired by the philosophy of the Enlightenment; both were the results of oppression the people had to suffer [at] the hands of their rulers. ..and [both] succeeded in toppling the monarchy Difference). Even though these two revolutions were similar inRead MoreWorld Wars : The Seven Years War1695 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout the course of mankind, wars were raged on different continents. During this extended period of time, roughly four thousand years, there have been two wars labeled as â€Å"World Wars.† However, with research and expanded knowledge, there should at least be three â€Å"world wars,† and have the names altered to fit the criteria of such. This added war is known as: The Seven Years War. Despite misguiding evidence, and different historical accounts, the war can either be placed to have originatedRead MoreNapoleon Bonaparte And The French Revolution1133 Words   |  5 PagesThe French Revolution, a revolutionary movement of extensive social and political upheavals triggered by the dissatisfaction of the monarchy. Inspired by the ideals of the Enlightenment, the Third Estate overthrew the monarchy and established many different governments and constitutions. These proved to be unhelpful and useless as anyone who came into power was blinded by it and became unreli able until Napoleon Bonaparte. Born as the fourth child of the Bonaparte, Napoleon grew up desiring to beRead MoreThe Telegrams Exchanged between Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany and Tsar Nicolas II of Russia710 Words   |  3 Pagessmall section of the vast array of telegrams exchanged between the two, ranging more than 2 decades (from 1894 to 1914). While the early volumes of the telegrams were attempts by the Kaiser to â€Å"(stir) up the Czar’s monarchical instinct against the French Republic † and to appear congenial, the final telegrams between the Kaiser and the Tsar were cautious warnings against mobilising and the threat of war. The telegrams between Wilhelm and Nicolas are directly weaved into the events of the July CrisisRead MoreEssay on Napoleon Bonapartes Life and Accomplishments1088 Words   |  5 Pagesprofound, Napoleon Bonaparte would one day control an empire that spanned across Europe and Asia, but he would not stop there, for Napoleon would seek to e stablish the entire world as his empire. The hard-fought wars Napoleon Bonaparte faced upon this conquest coupled with the naval prowess of the English would present a formidable challenge for Napoleon and had he not been stopped at Trafalgar, the world just may have become something completely different than we know it today. Napoleon Buonaparte wasRead MoreRevolutions: The Road to Independence Essay877 Words   |  4 Pageseconomic disputes. Consequently, the common matter for the American, French, and Latin America revolutions emerged to gain their own independence. In North America, the colonists put emphasis on their independence from Great Britain and established a new republic. In France, protesters abolished the authority of France and reorganized the French society, and Latin America sought liberty from Spain’s control. One thing all three revolutions had in common was that they were inspired by EnlightenmentRead MoreMilitarism, Nationalism, And The Start Of The Alliance System1360 Words   |  6 PagesFerdinand of Austria which shortly after caused the beginning of the greatest and bloodiest war in history. The war was fought on different theaters by the world’s greatest empires at that time. The allies composed of the British and the French empires joined forces with mighty Russi a against the Central powers composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire. In 1917, three years after the war broke out, the Allies were joined by the United States which forced a quick defeat of the Central Powers

Advertisement Review essay Free Essays

English 100 Young and Reckless Commercials have become a major part of our lives today. There are those that stand out when they are viewed and others that do not deserve to be aired. The Taco Bell advertisement features an old man and his clique who decide to sneak out of a retirement home and go out for a crazy night as they re-live their younger days. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertisement Review essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Generally, the advertisement has a need for sex, escape, aesthetic sensation and attention as it targets all age groups in the society from the young to the old. Taco Bell shows us that age is nothing but a number and it is not only young people that can get wild and loose. This particular commercial shows us how a group of senior citizens snuck out of their retirement home let off some steam with a crazy night out. The background music for this rebellious evening was perfectly chosen: the Spanish version of â€Å"We Are Young,† by Fun. The old folks embark on a series of mischievous events that are typically associated with children and young adults. They start by invading someone’s property and dive into the owners pool, lighting firecrackers on someone’s front door, go partying in a club where they have fun, and one of them ends up with a â€Å"GOLDBATT† tattoo across his back. After a long night of mischief the gang winds up at Taco Bell for some delicious Mexican food. The advertisement is freaky, hence catching your attention by elderly folks being put in certain situations that are past their age. In most cases, not every viewer will relate to the age of the characters, but what is seen in the commercial is enough to attach you to it. This commercial targets all age groups, from the young to the old, but in my opinion it mainly targets teenagers and young adults, around the ages of fifteen to twenty-four. This age group contributes the most to fast food industries, one of them being Taco Bell. By featuring senior citizens in the ad, it adds humor and brainwashes young adults who want to have the same fun the commercial portrays, then finish the night by eating at Taco Bell. By a small percentage, it also targets people with low income, people who have cars and alcohol users. Taco Bell’s commercial comes out strongly with the need for escape. This is quite evident, as most of us know how retirement homes work. Senior citizens are confined in a home with not much to do, but in this ad we assume that the elderly folks could not take it anymore and decided to sneak out and have an adventurous and pleasurable night: one that they would never have experienced at the retirement home. At the end, they are seen eating outside Taco Bell, presumably very early the morning. Many people would also say the commercial has the need for attention. This is evident, as you would not expect a group of senior citizens to sneak out of a retirement home to go do activities that young adults do during the early hours of the night. That is why it gets your attention and makes you want to see what happens next and, before you know it, you have already been brainwashed by the tacos the elderly have after a crazy night. Also Taco Bell goes ahead and establishes a need for aesthetic sensations, though not common in this ad, but it is evident. This need is achieved when the featured elderly went to a club and had fun dancing and drinking as the night goes by, experiencing pure bliss. The final appeal that this advertisement portrays is the need for sex. This is evident with the scene at the club where an elderly woman comes out of the bathroom with a young man who apparently has lipstick marks on his cheek. Also in the club, we see many people making out and the kind of dance that are being danced at the club. Advertising has been around for a long time and ads are used to introduce new products to the market, hoping for better returns. Most of us take ads for granted as we think that they are not able to influence us, but we are wrong. Advertisers have sat down and worked out strategies on how to manipulate us without us even realizing it. One way they manipulate us is by having ads that appear in the clear in order have an influence. In the article â€Å"This Is Yours Brain On Ads: An internal Battle,† Maya Cueva talks about how the brain responds to advertisements that we watch on a daily basis. She talks about how kids were watching an ad and how they used to go into a zone where you stop thinking and just watch, which is exactly what the ad wants. She meets up with Mark Kishiyama, a lab director at NeuroFocus, who shows her how her brain reacts to advertisements in three different ways: attention, emotional engagement, and memory. This study of how the brain reacts to ads is how advertisers come up with ways to make their ads more effective in a short amount of time. With this article and the Taco Bell ad, we see that advertisers capture our attention by having featured elderly people in the commercial which captivates the viewer to want to see more, but we are being manipulated and put in the zone where we stop thinking and just watch, thinking that a 30 second ad is fast and that its not going to influence us, but it does. Taco Bell sums up their advertisement with the needs for attention, escape, aesthetic sensation and sex which are all very evident in the commercial. With the inclusion of senior citizens in the ad’s cast, Taco Bell created a curious environment for viewers who wanted to know what would happen next, because no one would expect to see elderly people doing what teenagers would usually be doing, at their age. In my opinion this ad was well done and am sure it manipulated many other people, not just me. Featuring the elderly partying, having fun, then ending up at Taco Bell for food was the highlight of this ad and, personally would go out and have fun with this posse of senior citizens because they are fun. WORKS CITED 1. Maya , Cueva. â€Å"This Is Your Brain On Ads: An Internal ‘Battle’. † NPR. N. p. , 14 june 2. Web. . How to cite Advertisement Review essay, Essays

Goals for the future free essay sample

Over the Corse of my high school year I have had many different goals but the main goal that I’m still working at is to keep up on track with my work. I believe that this goal has helped me a lot because with this goal I’m able to do more than one thing. I’m able to first know what I have turned in and what work I have to turn in still. With this goal I also know how to show my teachers in case my work is lost that I did turn in so I can get my points. When I graduate from high school I want to be in the medical field like a registered nurse and with this goal I know that I will be able to reach my career goal. I also think that with this goal it will help me not only to graduate from high school but also from college and go with me throw out my career as a registered nurse. We will write a custom essay sample on Goals for the future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I can use this goal to be on top of my work and know what patients I have helped and also be able to know what patient I still need to help. As you can see I look at my goals as a system, a system that revolves around me and my life. One goal can make all my life really easy. I will be able to take challenging courses and still be able to pass them. I will also go to college and use my goal to do well in college and not get caught behind on schedule. And last I will be able to graduate college and go to the career that I want and use that same goal to be great at what I love to do which is to interact with the patients and be able to make their horrible visit a nice stay to make sure they forget about the health problems they might have. If I could give everyone one tip it would be to make one goal that works for you and your life that you can stay with you for a long time that you can use and re-use.

Romeo And Juliet Details Essays - Characters In Romeo And Juliet

Romeo And Juliet Details Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare is generally regarded as one of the greatest writers of English literature. Romeo and Juliet is considered one of Shakespeare's most popular plays of all time. It is a compelling and timeless drama about innocent, young lovers separated by their feuding families. In Romeo and Juliet, Romeo Montague is the tragic hero. As the play develops, Romeo grows from boyhood to manhood through his change from lust to love. In the beginning of the play, Romeo is a little boy moaning over love. Sad because he is not with the women he believes he loves, "Bid a sick man in sadness make his will. Ah, word ill urged to one that is so ill!" . Never experiencing the true meaning of love; he prances around, acting as if he knows of true love. For example, He explains his emotions to be, "A madness most discreet, A choking gall, and a preserving sweet" (I, i, 191-192). He believes he is in love with Rosaline, "I do love a woman" but is only lust from a young man ( I, i, 203). It is lust because Romeo is easily persuaded by Benvolio to go to the Capulet ball to look upon other beautiful ladies, "Sups the fair Rosaline whom thou so loves; With all the admired beauties of Verona. Go thither, and with unattainted eye Compare her face with some that I shall show, And I will make thee think they swan a crow" (I, ii, 85-89). Romeo enters the Capulet ball where he meets Juliet. At the ball, Romeo sees Juliet for the first time, "What lady's that, which doth enrich the hand/Of yonder knight?" (I, iv, 41-42). There is no turning back for him now. He does feel something, "Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight!/For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night" (I, v, 51-52). Is it love at first sight? He is quick in his confession of love towards Juliet. It is not love but lust because hours before those same feelings were devoted to Rosaline, "She hath forsworn to love, and in that vow/Do I live dead that live to tell it now" (I, i, 221-222). Romeo is still young and wild at heart. His emotions are uncontrollable. He is not mature enough to know what he is feeling. Romeo chases Juliet to the balcony, and speaks softly to himself as he see her, "Her vestal livery is but sick and green, And none but fools do wear it. Cast it off" (II, i, 7-8), which has sexual meaning. Interpreted means, "You don't look good in those clothes so Take them off!". This is an example of lust at its highest peak. Also in the balcony scene, as Juliet is being called upon by the nurse, Romeo says, "O, wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied," also being of sexual context (II, ii, 125). In astonishment, Juliet replies, "What satisfaction canst thou have to-night?" (II, ii, 126). Romeo replies back, "Th' exchange of thy love's faithful vow for mine" (II, ii, 127). Only knowing Juliet for a matter of hours; he confesses his love, and has already forgot about Rosaline, "No. I have forgot that name and that name's woe" (II, iii, 46). Wanting to marry Juliet, Romeo goes to Friar Lawrence for help, "I'll tell thee as we pass; but this I pray, That thou consent to marry us to-day." (II, iii, 63-64). From this point, it does show that Romeo is starting to get serious about his affections towards Juliet. Without consent from their parents, Romeo and Juliet get married. The true Romeo is starting to emerge as he steps up to the manly responsibilities of marriage. After being married, Romeo is confronted by Tybalt. Romeo hesitates in fighting him, "I do protest I never injured thee, But love thee better than thou canst devise. Till thou shalt know the reason of my love; And so, good Capulet, which name I tender/ As dearly as mine own, be satisfied," because Tybalt is family to him now (III, i, 68-71). This is where Romeo shows the deepest passions of love towards Juliet. Fighting is the last thing on his mind. He does not permit himself to fight Tybalt because of his love towards Juliet. Tybalt, the villain he is, pushes Romeo into fighting him by killing Romeo's bestfriend, Mercutio. Romeo slays Tybalt, and is thereby banished by the Prince, "Immediately we do exile him hence" (III, i, 185). After Romeo

Hussain Surname Meaning and Family History

Hussain Surname Meaning and Family History The surname Hussain originated from the Arabic personal name, Husayn, derived from the Arabic hasuna, meaning to be good or to be handsome or beautiful. Hasan, for which Hussain is a derivative, was the son of Ali and the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad. Surname Origin:  Muslim Alternate Surname Spellings:  HUSAIN, HASAN, HUSAYN, HUSSEIN, HUSEIN, HUSAYIN, HUSSAYIN, HUSEYIN, HUSSEYIN, HUSEYN, HOSSAIN, HOSEIN, HOSSEIN, HUSSEYN   Famous People with the Hussain Surname Maqbool Fida (M. F.) Husain:  Indian painterRobert Hossein: French actor and directorSaddam Hussein: former dictator of IraqHussein bin Talal: King of Jordan from 1952–1999 Where Is the Surname HUSSAIN Most Common? According to surname distribution data from Forebears, Hussain is the 88th most common surname in the world, found most prevalently in Pakistan where over 3.2 million people bear the name and it ranks #2. Hussain is also the 2nd most common surname in the United Arab Emirates and Kuwait, 3rd in Saudi Arabia, 4th in Quatar and 5th in Bahrain. WorldNames PublicProfiler, which does not include data from Pakistan, indicates that Hussain is also fairly common in the United Kingdom, especially in the English region of Yorkshire and Humberside, as well as in Oslo, Norway. Genealogy Resources for the Surname HUSSAIN Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Hussain  family crest or coat of arms for the Hussain surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - HUSSAIN  Genealogy: Explore over 370,000  historical records which mention individuals with the Hussain surname, as well as online Hussain family trees on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.Family Tree DNA Discovers Y-DNA Signature That Might Represent the Prophet Mohammed: An article in the  TheNational  highlights DNA testing of the male descendants of Mohammeds  daughter Fatima through her two sons,  Hassan and Hussein.  GeneaNet - Hussain  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Hussain  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. Resources and Further Reading Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Critical thinking R Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking R - Coursework Example In the light of discussion by the CEO of Standard Chartered the discussion raises that if the strategies of the bank have been successful in the markets of Asia and Middle East then why the same strategies have not been applied to the Western and more developed markets at the time of crisis. The prevailing market condition develops a perception that developed and under developing markets have a considerable difference in the driving forces of market. The driving forces that derive the dynamics of banking industry are political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, legal and environmental forces. One more important thought that has been identified is regarding the main factors that differentiate the markets of developed and under developing countries in the era of Globalization. The prevailing circumstances highlight that the banks need to focus on the local markets as well along with the focus on highly framed global markets. The high competitive environment and dynamic consume r behavior have made all the banks accountable for all of its local and global strategies to enhance or modify the strategies with the passage of time to successfully compete in all the markets. In the light of the discussion by the Chairman of EMAAR properties, the real estate market of UAE is not changing it self with the recognized needs of the market. Youth of Asia is shifting to UAE with the purpose of employment and therefore with increasing number of immigrants, the real estate industry has become an important for the economy. Immigrants coming to UAE are mainly focusing on saving and are not spending too much. These immigrants are increasing in UAE with a fast rate and are searching for low cost accommodation to save their money. But unfortunately, the focus of most of the real estate developers in UAE is on a niche segment of luxury housing buyers. UAE has become a strong financial hub and the investment by multinationals in UAE is increasing as well so it is also driving

Does the EU have negative impacts on small states in the EU Does it Research Paper - 1

Does the EU have negative impacts on small states in the EU Does it fringe them The divide between the north and the south - Research Paper Example Additionally, it is hard to identify the similarities among the foreign policies of these small states. On the other hand, it is a challenge to enhance the influential factor on their international relations. It comes to a point that we need to plan and strategize what we know and what we need know to identify and understand the challenges facing the small states. This article confirms such doubts by giving answers to four questions: what is a small state according to the European Union? What is the behavior of a small state in the European state? What are challenges facing the small states in the European Union? What are the general effects of European Union on the small states in the European Union? This paper adopts the thesis statement that European developments have brought out many alterations on small states. However, these alterations occur in both positive and negative measures. Smaller states are in consideration because their economic development happens to less than compared to other bigger states such as Britain and France. Additionally, the population level in small states happen to be low than the bigger states. In most cases, such small states have less influence on the decisions made by European Union. Such happenings happen to be in existence because decisions made by European Union during different summits affect these small states in general. For example, the regulations set to regulate the interest levels have affected the small states both positively and negatively. This research is beneficial since it initiates better understanding on the policies affecting small states either positively or negatively. Additionally, this research identifies the major reasons as to why such small states are affected by the policy developments made by European Union. In general, the research will offer differential weight on the benefits and effects of policy development by the European Union to the small states. The relevant question at hand

How smoking affect relationships in work or in home positivley r Essay

How smoking affect relationships in work or in home positivley r negatively - Essay Example This involves all sorts of activities including smoking. This is true whether only one person smokes or both do† (Relationships and Smoking). The above fact is true in the case of relationships of the smoker with his friends and co-workers at workplace. Smokers like the company of smokers and non-smokers don’t like the company of smokers. Non-smoking female often like to have the company of non-smoking males and they select non-smokers for their dating activities. On the other hand smoking females may not have such preferences. At workplaces also the smokers like to work with smokers whereas nonsmokers always try to avoid the company of smokers. The smoke produced by the smokers is spreading all over around the smokers which forces even the nonsmokers to breathe such malicious air. Nobody wants to put their health in jeopardy because of other’s activities. In short, smoking affects the relationships negatively, in family workplace and in society as

Home Schooling: Advantages and Disadvantages

Home Schooling: Advantages and Disadvantages Introduction Home schooling refers to the concept of giving the kids a formal education without sending them to schools and teaching them within the comfort of the home. It involves making a few adjustments and the teacher in home schooling, whether it is a parent or external help must be aware of all the advancements in the field of education to ensure that the children who are being home schooled get proper education to place them well in the society. Another consideration would be the adaptability of the children to the societal norms particularly when they are confined to the comfort of the home and peer interaction may be hindered. The various pros and cons are discussed in this report. Pros of home schooling While the concept of home schooling is relatively new as compared to the traditional context, there are many studies which prove that homes schooled children score higher in their SATs than their counterparts from public schools. In fact, the Ivy-league colleges have started opening up their doors to these home-schooled children as they realise their value. Home schooling provides children with a flexible schedule to learn and can be tailor-made to fit the learning pace of the child. Home schooling for children with special needs is beneficial as the child can learn in a comfortable and known environment and thus the focus shifts from the anxiety of social interaction to the process of learning in the younger stage of life when the child can absorb the most knowledge. However, home schooling is not just for kids with special needs. Other children can also benefit from it. Home schooling allows better control over the child’s time, thus freeing them up for cultivating other hobbies like music, dance, writing and sports. It allows the child to break free of the compulsion of assignments and allows for more experiential learning. The child can have access to the learning material through all areas of the home and thus experience freedom in gaining theoretical and practical knowledge. Many schools do not make children ready for the real world, they just follow a set textbook. However, with home schooling and with the technology bringing us vast amount of information on demand at the click of a button further facilitates this process. This freely available information and the vast array of online courses designed specially for the child allows to bring down the cost of education while simultaneously increasing the quality of education. Home schooling also affords for bringing in knowledge about religion, family history and the likes to the children which may not be offered as courses in many schools. Home schooling also caters to the parents’ wish to be able to supervise the child’s learning process more closely, understand the strengths and weaknesses of the child, and develop the child in their own specific way. Home schooling retains the natural curiosity of the child to the process of learning and gets rid of the compulsions laid down by schools.The child has freedom to choose what he likes and thus home schooling keeps the kids engaged. The control over the child’s schedule also allows the family to take travel trips together at most times of the year to complement the child’s learning about separate cultures and thus raises more tolerant and well-informed individuals. The main benefit about home schooling is the the one to one student teacher ratio ensures that the child has attention trained towards him all the time. This situation is not possible in public schools and the needs of the child often go ignored. Home schooling also protects the children from bullies, teenage peer pressure, unhealthy competition. It is also beneficial in the case of teenage girls who are prone to worry about fitting in with the rest of the people and following trends and fashion. This takes away their attention from the main element of learning. Home schooling also benefits the families which have to keep relocating very often due to work or otherwise. The kids may face problems with moving around very often and home schooling gives them a buffer against this. This brings in more stability to the learning process of the children. Home schooling also saves time for the children. With focused learning, the children can accomplish more in the same time while the school curriculum tends to go at a slower pace to accommodate all the children in the classroom. Also, not having to adhere to rigid timings of waking up and rushing to school is a positive. The children feel more at ease while not having to be burdened with unnecessary written work and can focus on developing their other interests. It is no surprise to know that children learn the most from the people they are surrounded with. A child may talk to his classmate in school and learn to be around people but they may pick up values which are not desirable to their parents, religion or culture. To prevent such a conflict the kids can be homeschooled. Social interaction for kids arranged through hobby classes will ensure their fast academic absorption and also satiate the need for social interaction. The kids who are homeschooled also generally interact with c hildren from a much wider age group, thus instilling maturity and new thought processes, whereas the schoolgoing kids usually interact with people from their same age group. This leads to a holistic development of children. Cons of home schooling: While home schooling has a many merits it also entails certain downsides. To start with, the home schooling model of learning means that the kids are home with their parents most of the times. This may cause the parent child relations to get strained as they are together most of the time. Also, parents may not find adequate time for teaching the child all that should be taught and the process of learning may develop gaps. The child then grows up with certain beliefs which may not be true or may be partially correct. Such a world view is damaging to the child’s psyche in the future. In many cases, when the parents are too rigid about the material they should use or the course they should follow, they may miss out on incorporating the recent trends in the field and hence limit the knowledge that the child gains from home schooling. Absence of a formal curriculum may also lead to unorganized learning. These formal curricula at schools are developed by professionals who are train ed in the field and understand the child needs and psychology on a wider scale. Ignorant parents will deprive their children of the benefit they may receive when trained with such material. Another matter of concern with home schooling may be that the child’s education may not receive the legal and societal acceptance it deserves. People tend to look at homeschooled children as lacking social skills and the kids may not get a recognition for their education while applying to college for further formal education. It may become difficult for the child to find acceptance in these cases, hurting their chances of succeeding. The homeschooled kids may also not benefit from healthy competition which inspires them to break their limits and achieve success to their maximum potential. Also, learning in schools gives them collective knowledge. The children learn from their peers and it shapes their ideas and personality. Home schooling entails being around the same set of people though the major part of their day and hence the skill of thinking from different perspectives may get minimised and opinions may become biased as the children tend to carry forward the beliefs of t heir parents and tutors. This can lead to a narrow mindset. Home schooling may also mean that children can miss out on sports events with their peers. Although they may still be a part of sporting activities, they miss out on a competitive sporting events where they get to forge strong bonds with their peers. These kids may also miss out on handling high pressure situations, surprise quizzes and other such events which leads to their emotional development. Not learning to properly interact in a group can result in behavioural and social issues. They might face problems following the laid down norms as they have been exposed to an environment wherein they are free to act as they want. They may have issues with sharing, may demand personal attention from people, and may become distant. Children may even dread participating in social events and would rather stay in the comfort of their home. Parental overinvestment in the child can cause them to fret over the child’s actions, decisions and behaviours and this type of helicopter parenting may lead to the the children not becoming fully independent. The parents have to be very cautious that their kids stay free to choose for themselves in this environment. Children going to schools share common experiences with their peers. School gives a chance for field trips, proms, shared projects which teach the child to trust others and understand their emotions. These common experiences become a way for children to form lifelong friendships. While it may be possible to share experiences with a sibling, knowing and interacting with people from the other cultures always benefits by broadening a child’s mindset. Experience from someone who was home schooled: Two cousins of mine were home schooled, not just through school but also through college. The involvement of parents was also very high along with a tutor employed to formally teach them the curriculum. When they grew up, they were imparted working knowledge by their father who is a businessman. This gave them practical knowledge in the field and also exposed them to interacting with business partners. The kids were also taken to participate in various treks and went camping with other kids their age. The home schooling provided them with undivided attention and excellent theoretical knowledge which was then supplemented with occupational skills in their free time. The legal issues of their education not being recognised were overcome with correspondence examinations and online courses. These certifications further gave them a chance for organized learning and got them the recognition for their knowledge. The absence of peer learning was never felt to be too huge as they interacted w ith the neighbourhood children. Today, they are both very well placed in the society and doing very well in their chosen areas. Home schooling also gave them freedom to pursue unconventional subjects and not be rigid about subjects they wanted to learn. This has broadened their horizons and the vast amount of knowledge they gained about diverse topics is colouring their decisions today, which turn out to be as sound as anyone who has had a formal education through the traditional channels. Conclusion: While home schooling has both pros and cons for children, it should be deliberated upon by parents whether they have the appropriate means and methods to give their children a comprehensive education at home or if the children need to go to school where they can be taught by a trained faculty. All the options available must be weighed in before jumping into any decision. Even if the children go to school, it is necessary for parents to take adequate interest in their learning and development to ensure that they are on the right path and are learning the right things in the right way. Refs: Lisa Rivero Mitchell Stevens http://school.familyeducation.com/home-schooling/parenting/29861.html

German Management System :: essays research papers

German management, as it has evolved over the centuries and has established itself since World War II, has a distinct style and culture. Like so many things German, it goes back to the medieval guild and merchant tradition, but it also has a sense of the future and of the long term. The German style of competition is rigorous but not ruinous. Although companies might compete for the same general market, as Daimler-Benz and BMW do, they generally seek market share rather than market domination. Many compete for a specific niche. German companies despise price competition. Instead, they engage in what German managers describe as Leistungswettbewerb, competition on the basis of excellence in their products and services. They compete on a price basis only when it is necessary, as in the sale of bulk materials like chemicals or steel. The German manager concentrates intensely on two objectives: product quality and product service. He wants his company to be the best, and he wants it to have the best products. The manager and his entire team are strongly product oriented, confident that a good product will sell itself. But the manager also places a high premium on customer satisfaction, and Germans are ready to style a product to suit a customer's wishes. The watchwords for most German managers and companies are quality, responsiveness, dedication, and follow-up. Product orientation usually also means production orientation. Most German managers, even at senior levels, know their production lines. They follow production methods closely and know their shop floors intimately. They cannot understand managers in the United States who want only to see financial statements and "the bottom line" rather than inspect a plant's production processes. A German manager believes deeply that a good-quality production line and a good-quality product will do more for the bottom line than anything else. Relations between German managers and workers are often close, because they believe that they are working together to create a good product. If there is a third objective beyond quality and service, it is cooperation--or at least coordination--with government. German industry works closely with government. German management is sensitive to government standards, government policies, and government regulations. Virtually all German products are subject to norms--the German Industrial Norms (Deutsche Industrie Normen--DIN)--established through consultation between industry and government but with strong inputs from the management associations, chambers of commerce, and trade unions. As a result of these practices, the concept of private initiative operating within a public framework lies firmly imbedded in the consciousness of German managers.

Gifted and Talented Education in the United States Essay

Abstract The purpose of this research is to find the best way for selecting and teaching gifted children for Gifted and Talented Education Programs in the United States. It explores who exactly are defined as â€Å"gifted students† and what their characteristics are like compared to regular students. Then it explains main ways of selecting and teaching them and listing pros and cons of each method. Finally it concludes that in order for Gifted and Talented Education in America to give full scope to gifted students’ ability, it is best to select children by using a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the method called cluster grouping. Introduction Although school districts in the United States recognize that gifted and talented students are children with unique advantage and excellence, state laws, local policies, and available funding vary widely in each state. Therefore each school has their own services and curriculum for gifted students and also there is uneven protection for gifted and talented students under the law. This holds back the progress of gifted students which means that the disparity of school districts is taking away the children’s capability, potential, and their future. Therefore, it is important to unify the selection method and the broad idea of how to teach gifted students. There are many ways of selecting and teaching them, but the best way to select children is to use a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect and teach them in the cluster grouping method because these are the most effective way to select and teach gifted students in order to cultivate unique their skills and expand the possibilities for their future. In this paper, it will define what Gifted and Talented Education Program and who gifted students are, and explain what kind of entrance exam for gifted education is the best. After that, according to the characteristics of gifted students, it will explore the best way of teaching them. Gifted and Talented Education Program Gifted and Talented Education is a broad term for â€Å"special practices, procedures and theories used to educate children who have been identified as gifted or talented†. National Association for Gifted Children, NAGC, estimates that approximately 6% of the student population is gifted and talented† (â€Å"National Association for Gifted Children†). The detailed aim of this education program differs from district to district, but the common aims that all school have are to develop students’ merits by following the lead of the gifted students since they have different speed of learning, most of the time faster, than regular students. Most of the decisions on gifted education are made at the state and local level. The Definition of Gifted Students There is no standard global definition for gifted students to this day. US Department of Education defines them as â€Å"children and youth with outstanding talent who perform or show the potential for performing at remarkably high levels of accomplishment when compared with others of their age, experience, or environment† (â€Å"US Department of Education†). However, there are many controversies among researchers over the definition of gifted students. In most school districts all over the United States, â€Å"students who generally score high scores on aptitude tests or on periodic examinations were offered a test to receive Gifted and Talented Education Program† (Maker and Nielson 5). However in this measurement, the students are selected based only on their general intelligence, which is a scholastic performance on coursework such as mathematical calculation capabilities and reading abilities in English. Therefore, in the past several years, the researchers have been challenging the theories and the definition of the gifted students. Some researchers say gifted students are children who are highly proficient based on triarchic theory of intelligence formulated by Sternberg. He discussed in his theory that intelligence consisted of three aspects. First is the analytic skill, such as ability to comprehend abstractly and evaluate information. Second is the synthetic skill or creativity, the ability to invent novel solutions or ideas. Third is practical skill, which enables people to cope with determinate situations. Also he proposed that intelligence involves distinct mental cognitive processes of three kinds: â€Å"(a) metacomponents, or executive processes needed for planning, monitoring, and evaluating problem solving; (b) knowledge-acquisition components, used to gather information necessary to solve problems; and (c) performance components, or processes needed to implement the commands issued by the metacomponents†(Sternberg 7). According to Sternberg, gifted students are not necessarily those who are good at processing general information but also students who are good communicating with people or who have more unique inspirations than others. Gardner defined intelligence as â€Å"the ability to solve problems of fashion products that are valued in at least one culture† (Gardner 4). In his research, it showed that there were at least seven different intelligences in people – linguistic, logical mathematical, spatial, musical, bodily kinesthetic, and intrapersonal. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human being could be masterful. Gifted children are those who are adept in unique aspects. The Criteria for Determination of Gifted Students There are mainly three ways to test out students so that they can be identified as gifted and talented students: â€Å"a set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford Achievement Test, WISC-IV, and a set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect† (Porter, section 2). The set of Otis Lennon School Ability Test and Stanford Achievement Test, usually expects students to score 96 percent in at least one subject and score more than 86 percent in Otis–Lennon School Ability Test, OLSAT. The Stanford Achievement Test mainly measures basic academic skills. OLSAT is a test of abstract thinking and reasoning ability. â€Å"It is organized into five areas, and it includes an equal number of verbal and non-verbal items each area which are verbal comprehension, verbal reasoning, pictorial reasoning, figural reasoning, and quantitative reasoning† (â€Å"Otis-Lennon School Ability Test ®Ã¢â‚¬ ). This means that this measures students mostly students’ standard scholarship like standardized intelligence. WISC-IV shows IQ scores which shows essential information and critical clinical insights into a child’s cognitive functioning. However, theories and the results of experiments by Gardner and Sternberg imply that schools in the United States should not define giftedness only by general intelligence or on IQ test scores of students. In this view, although it is true that students who score highly on standardized intelligence are somewhat gifted and talented, they are only adept in one aspect out of the many fields human being could be masterful. Therefore, the two tests that were above-mentioned are not suitable to determine students as gifted and talented students since these focus mainly on basic academic achievements and not on other factors that students could be talented in. The set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect, this focuses many aspects that children could be talented in, like regular scholastic abilities, artistic creativity, and interpersonal relationships unlike two of the tests mentioned above. Therefore if this method is used as the entrance examination system to receive gifted and talented education, students who are in gifted education program would be able to get opportunities to blossom further by getting motivated and inspired by other talented children who are gifted in other aspects because this method allows to accept many different kinds of talented students in the education program. Hence it is best to unify the Criteria for Determination of Gifted Students to the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect. Characteristics of Gifted Students and the Adequate Way to Teach Accordingly There are many characteristics that gifted students have which regular students do not. Gifted learners usually have â€Å"excellent memories and ability to understand concepts and principles quickly† (Maker 104). Some of the gifted students have extraordinary capacity to input information and strategies with incredible fast time and naturally without so much effort put into it. This means that they only need little practice in order to acquire knowledge. However, they still do need to learn how to use the knowledge they acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating. It goes without saying that they already have this type of strategy, but it is important to develop their merits even more to their full extent. Dewy explains that most gifted learners fit into at least one of the following aspects: â€Å"(a) extraordinary ability to communicate ideas and feelings through words, actions, symbols, sounds, or other media of expression; (b) outstanding ability to think things through and consider implications or alternatives; (c) goal-oriented thought; (d) abilities to use ideas, processes, or materials ingeniously; and (e) an unusual capacity for information acquisition and retrieval† (344). He also explains that these kind of students need â€Å"opportunities to express in some form that leads them to show their ideas, problem solutions, or conclusion and to make connections to previous knowledge or experience† (351). Opportunity for students to express what they have in their mind is important since learners can benefit from hearing, seeing, or reading how others analyzed their opinions because the method of expressing could be different from their own. Second reason is because others have a chance to analyze and evaluate their process and also their finished product of their thinking. Also, it is important because â€Å"students need to be aware of their own mental processes in order to learn to control them† (Clarke 118). Expressing is one of the best ways for gifted students to educate themselves and also get education from other peers in class. Group activities build leadership and characteristics of each student. Maker and Nielson states that â€Å"because of the high degree of participation and the rapid pace of most games, gifted students usually maintain their interest in group-process† (129). In most cases in an active group interaction, some kind of structure forms. For example, one is perceptive, responsive, and assertive to their opinions and feelings, one is seasoned listener and knits up discussion when needed, and one has sense of humor unifying the group with a warm atmosphere. One could even not be participating in a group interaction at all. In structured performance like this, students can extend their uniqueness and skills they have and also influence each other positively by interacting with each other. One who is not participating at all seems like student is giving a negative influence, but in a group of gifted students, others who are participating have possibility to improve communication competency by trying to cope with him. Group process activities can be just a simple group discussion, or simulated social situations, or even games that need trust, willingness to open them up, and develop ability to support the group process activities. Considering all the characteristics of the gifted student learners, the best way to teach is to use the method called the cluster grouping. Cluster grouping is â€Å"an educational process in which four to six gifted and talented (GT) and/or high achieving students are assigned to an otherwise heterogeneous classroom within their grade to be instructed by a teacher that has had specialized training in differentiating for gifted learners† (Winebrenner 177). Clustering is not simply putting all the academiclly accelerated students into one classroom to study like other methods such as pull-outs, compacting, and enrichment which U.S. Government reported that these methods are generally unsuccessful in 1993. In cluster grouping, talented students are able to receive the place to express themselves to others in their individual way, develop their ability to use the knowledge they have acquired by analyzing, synthesizing, and by evaluating, and group activities. Schuler emphasizes that â€Å"through cluster grouping the intellectual, social, and emotional needs of the gifted students can be addressed† (section 4). There are many cleasr evidence that shows the advantages in cluster grouping. According to one survey, advantages include: â€Å"cost effectiveness, high challenge and expectations of students, faster progression through curricula, administrative ease in observation of services, increased understanding of GT students, and an improved opportunity to address the psychological needs of the GT students† (Rogers 249). Other research has shown â€Å"a 99% positive approval rating among parents of clustered children and a 90% positive approval rating among the children themselves.† (Rogers 226). Therefore, it is clear that cluster grouping is a successful method to teach gifted students. Conclusion There is clear evidence and reasonings that cluster grouping method and the set of Measures of Academic Progress Test, Otis Lennon School Ability Test, and Structure of Intellect for selective examination are the most effective and efficient way to use gifted education in America. However, there are still many questions and problems unsolved even though the gifted and talented education in the United States started more than 100 years ago. One of the reasons is because that there are only few researchers who collect numerical data of gifted children. Many researchers most of the time only come up with new method of teaching or selecting gifted students but they do not publish clear evidence why they are successful. United States is in need of furthur research and experiments on gifted education and gifted students for the success of the future children and for the future of the United States. Clarke, John. Patterns of thinking: Integrating learning skills in content teaching. Columbus, OH: Merrill, 1986. Dewey, John. The child and the curriculum and the school and society. Chicago, IL: University of Chiago Press, 1956 Gardner, Howard. Five Forms of Creativie Activity: A Developmental Perspective. Dayton, OH: Ohio Psychology Press, 1994 Maker, C. June and Aleene B. Nielson. Curriculum Development and Teaching Strategies for Gifted Learners. 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro ed, 1995 Rogers, Karen. Re-forming Gifted Education. Scottsdale, AZ: Great Potential Press, 2002 Schuler, Patricia. Cluster Grouping Coast to Coast, Neag Center for Gifted Education and Talent Development. Danbury, CT: University of Connecticut, 2005 Sternberg, Robert. Conceptions of giftedness. New York, NY: Cambridge University Express, 1986 Winebrenner, Susan. Teaching Gifted Kids in the Regular Classroom. Minneapolis, MN: Free Spirit Publishing, 2001 â€Å"Gifted and Talented Students† U.S. Department of Education. < http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/pg72.html>. â€Å"What is Gifted† National Association for Gifted Children. < http://nagc.org/WhatisGiftedness.aspx >. â€Å"America no Gifted Education no Kyouiku Jijyou† Washington State University. 2 November. 2011. < http://www.blog.crn.or.jp/report/02/130.html >.

How Organisations Has Been Affected By Two Contrasting Economic Environments

Task 1)When the country is in the recession everybody is trying to save money and go to shops which are cheap. Some companies cut jobs and are trying to maximise profit. Lidl is making lots of profit in the recession therefore they don’t have to worry that there is a recession because everybody is trying to save money and people are going to cheap shops and Lidl is one of them and because of that they are making lots of money in recession. Lidl is in England for a very long time and when recession came, it made tens of thousands of people to try Lidl for the first time.The same thing happened to Aldi. Lidl and Aldi have cheap products at high quality. When the country is at boom then lots of business like Lidl hire lots of people therefore there is high employment level and their wages will go high as well because they want to attract more people because the business can afford to hire lots of people therefore the business will run in a very good way also businesses are invest ing more to make the business expand and meet peoples demands, and in a boom people have lots of money which they want to spend on their want and needs and because of that shops will make lots of profit.Task 2)Human resources in a recession have to make hard decisions, one of them is cutting jobs because they can't afford to have lots of employees, finance department have to calculate how much money they can spend on the business and try not to bankrupt therefore they would have to change their suppliers on cheaper suppliers which have less quality products as they would have from their normal suppliers and that could affect their business because they could lose customers. The company would have to stop investing and save money for their suppliers and pay their employees.He company would have to stop investing and save money for their suppliers and pay their employees. If the country is at the recovery, then Human resources might start hiring new people but not a lot like they had at boom therefore unemployment will fall a little. Finances will have to consider about increasing production and start investing into the business again, demand would rise and because of that sales will rise as well therefore slowly the business will be making profit.

The Top 5 Jobs in the Northeast

The Top 5 Jobs in the Northeast If you’re looking for a career change (or a change of scenery!), here are some of the fastest-growing jobs for 2016 in the northeastern part of the U.S. This includes Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, and New Jersey. Sadly, â€Å"professional sports fan† isn’t on this list, despite the spirited fan bases for major league baseball, football, basketball, and hockey teams in this region.1. Tech Job Outlook: Software DeveloperSoftware developers are the unseen force behind every digital program you use. From apps on your phone to the fitness tracker on your wrist, software developers are the ones who devise, test, refine, and update the computer coding that makes our lives easier.Metro areas like New York, New Jersey, and Boston are becoming major tech hubs, and these skilled jobs are springing up accordingly. The median salary for a software developer is $93,350 per year, and the field is expected to grow a faster-tha n-average 22% per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.2. Administrative Job Outlook: Office ManagerIf software developers are the shadowy force behind our digital lives, office managers are often the unsung heroes of our workday. Office managers are typically responsible for ensuring that office logistics run smoothly. This can include keeping inventories of office supplies, managing facilities, keeping records, and taking on administrative tasks like human resources or payroll.The median salary for office managers is $81,080 per year, with growth of 12% expected.3. Logistics Job Outlook: Truck DriverTruck drivers keep the northeast moving. Companies like UPS and FedEx have large facilities in the northeast, and with companies like Amazon expanding into warehouses all over the country to shorten customer delivery times, this is a field that is growing fast.The median salary for truck drivers is $38,200, and the field is expected to grow by at least 11% by 2022. Projections for 2016 suggest that there may also be a shortage of drivers on the horizon, so now might be the best time to get on the road.4. Healthcare Job Outlook: Physician AssistantPhysician assistants (PAs) have become a major part of the healthcare industry of late, as the demand for healthcare grows with a growing and aging population and doctor and nurse populations struggle to keep up. PAs can practice medicine under doctors and surgeons and provide direct patient care (examinations, diagnosis, treatment, and education).The median salary for PAs is $90,930 per year, with astonishing projected growth of 38% by 2022.5. Service Job Outlook: Gaming and Sports Book Writers and RunnersIn recent elections, voters have authorized new casinos in New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut. This means that in the next year and beyond, there will be a boom of casino openings- and with it, a large call for employees to work on the gaming floors.The median salary for this job is $20,850, with a massive 28% inc rease in job openings expected.Whether you’re already in the northeast and looking for a change of pace or you’re looking to trade your current town for the invigorating chill of a New England winter, opportunities are waiting- even if you’re not willing to swear undying loyalty to the Boston Red Sox or New York Yankees.

Elizabeth Bennet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Elizabeth Bennet - Essay Example (87) Elizabeth is intelligent, and has a quick and lively wit. This in particular distinguishes her from Lydia and Mrs Bennet, because Pride and Prejudice makes heavy use of dialog to characterize people and tell the story. Elizabeth thinks and speaks on a variety of subjects, whereas Lydia and Mrs Bennet are concerned only with parties, officers, and husbands. Elizabeth is sometimes deeply embarrassed by the behavior of her family, and recognizes that Lydia's behavior is out of control in part due to lack of discipline on her mother's part: "supported by [her] mother's indulgence, what chance could there be of improvement" (175) Both Elizabeth and Lydia are vivacious and lively, but while Elizabeth tempers these qualities with good manners and her understanding of and attention to social conventions, Lydia lacks any sort of good judgment. She is unable and unwilling to restrain her impulsive nature, and is never able to understand that her behavior reflects badly on herself and her family. Returning to Longbourne after marrying Wickham, Lydia is unrepentant, full of "ease and good spirits" (255) and thinks only of boasting about her marriage, and other "subjects which her sisters would not have alluded to for the world". (255) Elizabeth shares few, if any qualities with her mother

Globalisation and Identity Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Globalisation and Identity Crisis - Essay Example However, according to me it has gained momentum in the past couple of decades due to the advancement of technology and evolution of the ways of communication especially the role of the media. Since its mere existence, it has provoked controversies and debates all across the world. Some people are true proponents of this philosophy and they have various reasons for their beliefs, for instance, they believe that it has accelerated the sharing of information and transfer of knowledge from one pole of the world to the other. On the other hand, there are people who view this phenomenon with suspicion and see it as a method by which the developed countries are reaping the poor ones of their valuable resources. Some claim that this is the modern form of barbarism that the British practiced in the subcontinent and many other parts of the world in the 19th century. This essay is written to discuss both sides of the coin and to evaluate the effects of globalization with facts and figures. We w ill separate on this work into three parts to see the holistic picture and be able to evaluate it in a better way. These three divisions will be as follows: Individual, micro level and macro level. Examples will also be given at each level to support the point of view presented. In the end, there will be a brief conclusion to sum up our finding and to express my own opinion this particular topic. Individual Level Under this heading, we will discuss both the advantages and disadvantages that are there for a simple citizen from the advance of globalization. I will also share some of my personal opinions and view points with regards to globalization and its influence on students such as me. The aspects of globalization are important to touch base with because these bring to surface the necessary pointers which will mean success for the sake of the business. My viewpoints are based on the understanding that customers need to move ahead with the passage of time, and for that their expans ion is a must (Harvey, 2005). This will ensure that they grow and develop their own selves and thus the organizations that they are reporting to, be it an institution of global repute or simply a street business that they have come to be a part of. 1. Individuals as Customers: Globalization has tremendously increased the options that an individual has. He can obtain any good from any part of the world. Online shopping is just an example of this aspect of globalization. Also as discussed later in this essay globalization also results in healthy competition which in turn provides the customers with improved product and services. For instance, when I go online I even have the option of purchasing from Monsoon which is a Bangladeshi brand. It is a wonderful opportunity for me to view what new products and brands are available online and how I am able to make the best use of these brands for my own benefit. 2. Knowledge Workers: All the universities’ curricula now include a course on global management and cultural diversity. This is due to the global challenges that the current workforce has to face inevitably. This is an interesting challenge for the global savvy individuals and a hurdle for ethnocentric ones. The outlook is made more global with each passing day which helps the people to grow beyond their means and gives them an opportunity to look at areas where they have still not paid any heed as such. The knowledge workers help the

The Oil Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Oil Industry - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the oil industry is not a modern development. It traces back its history to ancient ages. The only problem that has necessitated changes pertains to refinery and exploitation of oil. The modern oil industry emanated from an invention by Colonel Edwin Drake. It involved a steam-driven rig for drilling. This set up an expensive machine that most individuals could not be acquired. The only strategy was to harness resources for acquiring such machines. The machines became more expensive to acquire as time progressed since the demand for oil necessitated very quality product. The first companies progressed to attain revenues that offset their high costs. In this sense, they became monopolies. The main reason of monopoly pertained to the fact that it was becoming difficult to attain the minimum efficient scale.   The established companies were experiencing economies of scale. However, this trend stalled on the formation of unions such as o ligopoly.   The OPEC was composed of Middle East Asia countries and Venezuela. They emerged to form a substantial influence on the market. In spite of the fact, oil was a unique product, it could be refined to several products. These products helped create companies such as shell and BP who later influenced entry of other companies. In spite of the domineering presence of unions such as OPEC, prices usually shift in response to notable factors... There are notable factors that affect the demand of oil. To begin with, there is the concept of the cyclical demand of oil. This pertains to demand of oil that swings according to growth of economies. As economy grows, the demand of oil rises to the same. This is because oil is an essential input of many industries. It is vital to note that oil forms a core part of the production chain. The growth of economies is proportionate to growth of industries. In turn, the industries are triggered to increase production in order that the same meets the increasing demand out of surging income. A relevant example concerns with the case of China. Its demand of oil has substantially increased because of the growth in its economy. In addition, the price of substitutes is a core determination of oil’s demands. This pertains to produc5ts such as gas and coal. In the long-term strategies of many countries, they seek possible alternatives for oil. In this sense, the demand of oil would reduce. For instance, there was a demand of oil in 2004 to 2006 that led to substantial research into its possible alternatives. Additionally, change of climate serves to affect the demand of oil in the countries that experience the four seasons. This is eminent in European countries, USA and Russia. In this sense, there is high demand of oil during winter. This is because individuals require substantial energy in heating systems. For instance, there is increased demand of oil, for heating houses and work places, during fierce winters. In addition, speculative forces influences demand in distinct ways. Due to its imitable qualities, there are always speculations of rise in prices of oil. In one of the most recent instances, individuals rushed to attain

Air force fume billboard Essay Example for Free

Air force fume billboard Essay Air force fume billboard Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In 1943 John Garfield, John Ridgley, Gig Young â€Å"The troop of an Air Force† bomber disembark in the Harbor in the outcome of the Japanese assault and is mailed on to Manila to provide a hand with the attack of the Philippines (Suids, 1996).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There are observable characteristics, which attract customers to the product. Basing our argument on the above film are lifestyles, standards, color, physical appearance, taste, motivations, opinion, and desires. These take account of distinctiveness such as cheerful, preservationist, and safety-cognizant, value-oriented, class-driven. In our case, color attracts ones attention such that the distant-customers move closer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Color information is supportive in identifying objective. It can be, sometimes, misleading. One of the tribulations with regard to images is the equivalent objects might have dissimilar colors and intensities when the illumination situation changes or there are dimness. It occurs predominantly often in our assignment. The billboard images for patterns were taken independently in a different circumstance from the unambiguous game in the video progression. However, in the live match dissemination, the lighting condition is diverse and they even revolutionize often during the match (Toyoshima, (2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, there are numerous shadows caused by the players ahead of the billboards. When we to make use of the template color as the sample color and try to come across areas with the related color in the edge. The tolerant level is sky-scraping, a lot of gratuitous area will be incorporated and the diminution in searching area is not very considerable; on the other hand, if the lenient level is low, we have the risk of ignoring the main area. The brightly brown color captures awareness to the customers. The billboards exhibit great advertisements to fleeting pedestrians and even drivers. Characteristically, screening outsized, apparently amusing slogans, and distinguishing visuals. The billboards are exceedingly noticeable in the summit in market places. The bulletins are the leading modern-size billboards. They are located mainly on major highway, expressway and market zones to attract or capture peoples’ attention (Toyoshima, 2008)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More so, imagery as a stylistic device applies during advertisement. For instance, â€Å"AIR FORCE† here implies war. This is the war of the crew against the Japanese as explained on synopsis. This type of film designed in such a way that it entails different styles. Since it is in a class of luxury has to be standard and specially designed to reach the test of customers. Primarily a good copy communicates to the ideal clients. In this case, the copy creates a great physical impression to the customers. In so doing more, sales are systematical done due to its unique appearance on the customers’ eyes (Suid, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Addition to that, customers like a description on the product in the market. Therefore, the synopsis contained on the copy gives customer detailed-evidence information in the copy. Furthermore, copywriter includes power words, which are very patting to the clients. ssOccasionally, these words are termed as power words which a very influential to the customer. They are advisable to apply in the language. In the above copy, â€Å"AIR FORCE† is an example of power words. Edges are very noteworthy illustration features in image processing. They are the points with high passion contrast and portray margins of objects contained in an image. Using periphery information of a copy also significantly condenses the amount of data while preserving the essential structural properties of an image. This gives a good impression to sight hence encouraging more purchases (Toyoshima, 2008). References Suid, L. H. (1996). Sailing on the silver screen: Hollywood and the US Navy. Annapolis, Md: Naval Inst. Press. Suid, L. H. (2002). Guts glory: The making of the American military image in film. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. Toyoshima, Y. (2008). Japanese movie billboards: Retro art from a century of cinema. Tokyo, Japan: DH Publishing Inc. Source document

FDI and Balance of Payment Relationship in Canada

FDI and Balance of Payment Relationship in Canada Chapter One Introduction History of FDI Foreign investment was very common in the late nineteenth century. It was a strategy from British to provide fund for economic development in other nation, as well as to gain ownership of financial assets. Godley 1999 mentioned in his research that the bulk of FDI that was based on British manufacturing industry before 1890 was in industrial goods sector. He also mentions that most investors failed as a result of narrow focus and their major concern his to enhance British market. Singer Manufacturing Company was an exception due to its commitment to FDI and being the first biggest and modern Multinational Corporation in the world (Moosa, 2002). During the era of interwar in the twentieth century, FDI declined and later rose but there was an astonished development in that period, British status was lost as a world creditor, and USA became the economic and financial power and FDI was favoured by USA tax law. After the world war, FDI increased as a result of two reasons: firstly, good technology in the area of communication and transportation that eliminate distance barrier. Secondly, the need of reconstruction of war damages by European countries and rest of the rich nation around the world. (Moosa, 2002). In the 1980s, there was a decline in FDI (outward). This was due to the fact that most host countries started resisting U.S control and ownership of domestic firms. Also, host countries recovered by initiating FDI in USA which affect US net inflow. In the 1970s, there was a big fall in the U.S FDI but British was back to FDI business as a result of North sea oil boom and the abolition of foreign exchange controls in 1979. In 1980s, changes in FDI occurred in which USA became a net debtor nation and major recipient of FDI with an unfavourable net international position. This was caused by depreciation of U.S dollar, restrictive trade policy and low saving rate in U.S economy. This disenabled the U.S in financing its own investment in its economy, giving rise to needs of FDI from other nations like Germany and Japan. Also, in the 1980s Japan became a major supplier of FDI to U.S.A, Europe and South East of Asia. Most countries embrace Japanese investors because of its provision of chea p labour. The revolution of FDI in the 80s can be attributed to globalization. (Moosa, 2002). In the 1990s, there was reasonable improvement in the investment climate which exposed most countries to the benefits of FDI. Some of the reasons that led to the improvement FDI of are: removal of FDI obstacles, changes in attitude and increases in FDI intensive. The removal of local hindrances through deregulation and privatization was favourable to FDI. Another remarkable thing that happened in the 1990s was the fall in the importance of Japan as a front runner of FDI. This caused economic doom in Japanese economy. Finally, FDI has gone through many reforms from countries to countries, in the late 90s, the number of treaties for the avoidance of double tax reached a total of 1871. In 1998 and 1999 some measures like protection, liberalization and promotion was brought in by the host nation (policies) on FDI. (Moosa, 2002). Globally, the economic development of deeper and more sophisticated internal and international financial market, improvements in information network and technological advancement have made contribution to sound financial and economic integration. For a nation to partake in any of the economic gains arising from these processes it need to adopt reform policies to improve efficiency. Most countries advocate FDI to encourage economic development because of its indirect impact in the host economy due to increase in competition, technical know-how and technological spill-over via multinational corporations to domestic firms. Gorg and Greenway (2002, stated in Morris 2008, p.4) that a possible channel is one in which domestic firms are thought to imitate the technology used by the companies. This will result to better ways of local firms of making their production. Competition is another positive effect of FDI. The entry of foreign companies compels the domestic ones to be more efficient in all ramifications. The latter gains better skill will from employee training through new improved technology requirement in the production process. (Morris 2008). FDI helps local firm to bypass government bureaucracy, legality and financial obstacles encountered in the host economy. International organisations always recommend that less developed countries rely mainly on FDI as a source of external finance. Hericourt Poncet (2008, p.1) confirm that the development of cross border relationship with foreign countries help private domestics firms to bypass both the financial and legal obstacles that they face at home At the same time, many may not be pleased with the policies that encourage FDI which might be unfavourable to host economy since foreigners will have share in domestic economic activity. According to Holden (2007), there was an argument that foreign-controlled investments may be bias and not act in the best interest of locals and nationals; that profit may be exported out of the country; and that foreign ownership could have national security implications in situation where industries or products are of strategic importance. These concern links to energy and natural resource sector. The concerns may lead to countries to place restriction on investment in sector that involves strategic importance. Canadian Chamber of Commerce had an annual general meeting in 2007. A resolution was passed Attracting FDI to Canada, among the issues discussed in the meeting was an advise for Canadian government to adopt policies that encourage foreign investor to Canada, even though some call for tighter restrictions for FDI due to its demerits (Morris, 2008). Canada was among the countries that provided a shield for his economy with the provision of 1985 Investment Canada Act. This Act states that any proposed foreign direct investment above a certain amount is subject to review and approval from the industry Minister. For the proposed investment to be approved, it must demonstrate that its proposed investment provide a net benefit to Canada, some of the things the industry Minister will consider are; employment, investment in Canada to compete in the world market, the compatibility of the investment with national industrial, economic and cultural policies and many others (Holden, 2007). Using Canada (a country that has benefited from FDI in all ramifications from the perspective of macro economics level down to the micro level, from one sector to another sector) as a case study. It is obvious that Canada has gained so much in FDI both in forward linkages and backward linkages. According to the Daily (May 6, 2008), the stock of FDI in Canada sky rocketed in the last eight years, and the sector that had the biggest share were the resource based industries. The Canadian Chamber of Commerce Annual General Meeting (2007) passed a resolution titled Attracting Foreign Direct Investment to Canada. The meeting called for the Canadian government to send a clear and positive message to foreign investors that Canada wants inbound investment through a proactive investment strategy and promotion champagne (Morris, 2008). Aim Most previous studies focused on the role of FDI on economic growth but their findings shows that FDI is not significant to economics growth. Carkovic and Levine (2002), prove that FDI does not independently influence on economic growth. However, economic growth and balance of payment (BOP) as a macro-economic objectives of any rational nation, in which there is sort of trade-off in both objectives.(this will be explain in the literature review section ).(pass et al. 1995). Countries calls for FDI coming between the two objectives as result nation rationale of protectionism ( quotas ,high import duties and embargo) to resolve balance of payment problem, and to achieve import substitution and export promotion agenda. Keynesian economic growth model, which is measured with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), have many component such as government expenditure, consumption level, investment, and export minus import (BOP current account). Changes in any of these components will have multiplier effect on the economic growth. (Moosa, 2002). FDI will have direct effect on host nations balance of payment which will indirectly impact the host country growth. The question being asked in this research is there any relationship between FDI and BOP? The aim of this dissertation is to determine the relationship between FDI and Balance of Payment in Canada over the period of 1990 to 2008. This aim will be achieve by building a model to explain the casual relationship between dependent variable and independent variables to figure out the relationship between FDI and BOP. Also, hypothesis will be formulated to test some of the objectives of the study. Robin says in Saunders (2007) that with deductive research its necessary to deduct a hypothesis. The study explores six possible issues: Objectives To determine the proportion of Canadian Capital account explained by growth in FDI in Canada over the period of 1990 to 2008. To determine the proportion of Canadian Current account explained by growth in FDI in Canada over the period of 1990 to 2008. To determine the proportion of Canadian Import explained by growth in FDI in Canada over the period of 1990 to 2008. To determine the proportion of Canadian Export explained by growth in FDI in Canada over the period of 1990 to 2008. To ascertain the relationship between Canadian FDI and Canadian BOP over the period of 1990 to 2008. To examine the major (countries) contributor to Canadian FDI over the period of 1990 to 2008. Significant of the study The significant of this study is to know the role of FDI in achieving one of the macro economic objective. This to ascertain if FDI will affect BOP in Canada positively or negatively. If the effect is positive, there will be needs of improving scope or magnitude for FDI in Canada for the future .However; if it is negative there may needs for government policies to restrict the inflow of FDI to Canada so as to achieve a favourable bop. The consecutive chapters will structure in the following ways: chapter two discusses the theoretical background information related to FDI, chapter three examines the academic literature relevant to the topic and also describes the methodology while chapter four presents the empirical analysis and discusses the econometrics result. The concluding chapter provides a conclusion of the research work. Chapter two Literature Review Theoretical Background (Moosa,2002) defines Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as the process whereby residence of a country (the source country) acquire ownership of asset for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution and other activities of a firm in another country (the host country). It involves the transfer of financial capital, technology and other skills such as managerial, marketing, accountancy, and so on. International Monetary Funds Balance of Payment Manual defines FDI as an investment that is made to get a long lasting interest in a organisation operating in an economy difference the investor. (Canada Statistics, 2008) defines FDI as a component of a nations international investment position which explains a countrys investment position: the difference between aggregate financial assets and aggregate financial liabilities. Direct investment, portfolio investment and other investment are the component of financial asset and financial liabilities. (Frankel and Romer, 1999) describe FDI as one of the crucial catalysts for economic growth in a nation especially in less developed countries. This statement describes the significance of FDI to a nation. FDI can also be described as a company from one country making physical investment into building a factory in another country. It is the establishment of an enterprise by a foreigner. (UNCTAD, 2002) defines FDI as investment made to acquire lasting interest in enterprise operating outside the investors economy. In short, a business or firm that undertake FDI become a multinational national company (MNCs) because of it ability to own many subsidiaries in many foreign countries. Foreign Direct investment (FDI) plays a crucial role in any host economy in the aspect of economic prosperity and building wealth. It also leads to increase in capital flow and, highly skilled human power, and reduction in unemployment and importation of advanced equipment and technology to enhance output level. This has a direct impact on the nations gross domestic product by promoting economic development. Mutenyo (2008), said most less developed countries now adopt policies that encourage FDI. Among these po licies are privatization, trade and exchange rate liberalization, and, tax rebate and incentives for foreign investors to enjoy the business environment. FDI is different from other components (such as international financial assets, portfolios and so on) of international investment. International Monetary Fund (IMF 2003, p.6) define FDI as a category of international investment that reflects the objective of a resident in one economy (the direct investor) obtaining a lasting interest in an enterprise resident in another country (p.6). IMF further explained that a direct investment is established when a foreign investor has more than 10% ordinary share or voting right of a host country enterprise (IMF 2003, p6-7). In Canada, direct investment is measured as the total value of equity, net long-term claims and net short-term claims held by the enterprises border (Canada Statistics, 2008). FDI has been increasing globally over the last two decades. Especially in the 90s, FDI increased more than the world economic growth. According to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) data collection pertaining to FDI regulations in 1991, it shows that between January 1991 and December 2002, total of over 1600 measures were introduced by 165 countries; more that 90% of them was in favour of FDI in terms of changes; the nature of the introduced measures ranging from security for investors, to liberalization of rules governing the inflow of foreign investors, to measures that are promotional in nature(UNCTAD, 2003). The measures were extended to the international level through double taxation treaties (DTT) and bilateral investment treaties (BIT). Over the last four decades, FDI have gone through series of transformation in Canada. Gellaty 2006 (in Morris, 2008, p6) explained the reason for the emergence of the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA). Due to growing concern of FDI in the late 1960s and early 1970s, the Foreign Investment Review Agency (FIRA) was established to regulate and monitor FDI. The regulation governing FDI and FIRA was replaced with Investment Canada in 1985. The regulation was aimed at protecting and promoting FDI in Canada. There was also an implementation of Canada-U.S Free Agreement (CUFTA) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to promote FDI further in Canada. FDI appear to be a topic that covers both narrow and broader area. Feenstra (1999,quoted in Liebscher 2007, p.3) expresses FDI as the combination of both international trade in goods and international financial flows, and as a phenomenon more complex than either international trade or international financial flow. From micro-economics perspective, FDI raises the issues of location consideration and ownership. From the macro-economics angle, FDI considers the fear of unemployment and the loss of freedom. For Policy makers, FDI is an issue to balance the benefits of spillovers with growing concern of the public. The concern authorities will be rational in policies that will favour FDI and all concern parties. FDI is one of the key features of the modern globalized world. According to (Peter 2008), most industrialists believed that there is international links in the late medieval and early modern era. They were also of the opinion that multinational firms became crucial in numerous ind ustries in the late nineteenth century but the period since World War II and in particular, since 1985 have seen an explosion in FDI both in relative and absolute terms to the levels of trade and gross domestic product. However, economic theory provides an extensive economics literature which was developed to investigate the causes, nature and consequences of FDI. One of the reasons for the creation of FDI is as a result of cheap cost of production in the host economy. FDI occurs when the benefits of producing in a foreign market out weighs the cost of economic of scale from producing exclusively in the firms home plant (Neary 2008, p.13). This benefit can be explained by the concept of proximity –concentration trade-off. That is foreign firms take advantage of trade off in production in home countries which will expose them to high exportation cost and international trade barriers relative to proximity to customer and low transportation cost. There are some conflicting predictions about the effect of FDI on economic growth. Blomstrom and Kokako (1998, quoted in Mutenuyo 2008, p.3) explain that spillover occurs if the entrance of multinational enterprises (MNE) result to efficiency and produc tivity benefit to the domestic firms in the host country and MNE is not able to internalize the full value of these benefits. On the other hand, negative externalities exist if the activities of FDI result to loss in efficiency, productivity and profitability among the local firms and the alien investors do not compensate them for their loss. In a nutshell, FDI can be detrimental to an economy. MNE are assumed to compete favourably with the more advanced local firms since the local firms will have an edge over the foreign investors in local market share, skills, export contracts, cordial relationship with suppliers and the customer and so on. On the other hand, the foreign firms may be more advance in technological know-how, research and development, and the financial resources for their home economy.(Hericourt and Poncet ,2009) confirms that the development of cross-border relationships with foreign companies helps private firms to bypass both the financial and legal hindrance that they face at home. Types of FDI The types of FDI can be considered from dual angle: from the perspective of foreign investor country and from the perspective of host country. Since the study is focused on Canada, FDI will be examined in both ways. There are three types of FDI- vertical, horizontal and conglomerate- from the perspective of the source nation (investors). Vertical FDI: (Hill,1998) provides a clear illustration of vertical FDI by dividing into two: Forward vertical FDI and Backward vertical FDI. The former is applicable in a situation where a local firm invest into another industry abroad that sells the output product of the local firms production process, while the latter is used when the foreign sales of a firm provide inputs for the downstream operation of the local firms. Horizontal FDI: is applicable when the goods produced in the host country are the same as in the home country for horizontal expansion (Caves, 1971). (Hill,1998) defines it as firms invest in the same industry as the same operational activity in their homeland. Conglomerate FDI is the combination of horizontal and vertical FDI. That is, firm operating in separate business, (Luladhar 2008). FDI FROM THE ANGLE OF HOST ECONOMY Export-increasing FDI: is caused as a result of items produced in host country as an input for home country; such as raw material or intermediate goods. This type of FDI will enhance the exportation of the host nation if there is high demand for the raw material or intermediate goods from the home country. Import- substituting FDI: This type of FDI is applicable when the goods previously imported from the home country are now been produced from the host economy which will generate more employment .This is caused as a result of host government policy on trade barriers, market size, labour cost and so on. Government initiated FDI: This is when the policy makers provide some incentive that attracts foreign investors into the host economy. This incentive could be tax holiday, tax discount and so on. The Determinant of FDI (Motives) There are four motives that determine FDI. These determinants provide reason why firms should use FDI to tap in business globalization. These motives are acquired inputs (raw material orientation), market orientation, cost orientation, and strategic asset seeking motives orientation. Raw Material Orientation: According to Dunning (1993), availability of raw material is the bed rock of any firm, especially the manufacturing firms. Usually the cost of importing raw material from the source to where is needed is outrageous, even the duration cost of getting the raw material to host firm is another visible problem that affects the overall performance of production. Therefore, it is more economical for firms to produce in an environment that has easy access to raw material.s (Atik et al., 2008). Market Orientation: This is when firms produce goods in a host country instead of shipping it directly from the home country. This occurs when foreign market is protected by the government restriction goods importation or high importation duties. It will cost less to produce in the host economy market to avoid international restriction and unnecessary cost. Market orientation draws foreign supplier closer to the buyers in the host economy. (Atik et al., 2008). Cost- Orientation Motive: Cost minimization is one the firms strategy to optimize profit. Porter (1998, stated in Atik et al.2008, p 29) explains that among the generic strategies of a firm, cost leadership is the best strategy. In cost leadership strategy, a firm will prefer to become the lower cost producer in its industry. So firm prefer to site their location where they will enjoy the lower cost of factors of production. Good examples of this firm from developed nation prefer to locate their firms in less developed nation because of cheap labour and other cost of production. Asset Seeking FDI: Foreign firms prefer to have access to gain industrial asset in host country which will more profitable to have in there home country. The foreign firm will sustains or advance its international competitiveness, technological advancement, and opening up the new market though its asset accusation from the host nation (Atik et al., 2008). There fore, a firm that owes foreign asset is better positioned in global market competition compare to its counterpart. Theories of FDI Most literature reveals why investors prefer to produce abroad instead of staying in the home country. Dunning 2003 p.278) assert that the growth of existing foreign value activities in service might require a different set of explanations than to follow initial decision to invest abroad. There are some theories that explain FDI and MNEs in global business especially in goods sector. (Helldin ,2007) is of the opinion that FDI theory is fragmented and consists of various economic theories. There are no complete theories that explain FDI; it was just the bits by bits from numerous authors. Hymer was one of the first authors to explain the theory of FDI in 1960(mention in Na, Lv Ligthfoot, 2006). Hymer believes that the multinational national companies (MNCs) have the potential to expand the business due their oligopolistic nature. He said MNCs have firm specific advantages that create market power on global market due to their technical know-how, product differentiation, RD and so on. Dunnings Eclectic Paradigm (Professor John H. Dunnings 1977 OLI-framework also called Dunnings eclectic paradigm) Dunning 1977,Helldin 2007, p8), explains that the three factors that constitute to MNEs location in host country. These factors are Ownership Specific Advantage (O), Location-Specific Advantage (L) and Internalization Advantage (I). Ownership specific are business advantages such as capital, advance technology, well known brand names and product with dominant standard (p8). It further explained that the higher the level of business competitive advantage are compare to foreign competitors on a specific location the more the business will be involved in foreign production. Location will also be based on the countries competitive advantage, originated in the partners home countries (Helldin, 2007). Ekstrom (1998 stated in Helldin 2007) is of the opinion that the combination of O with L is why a specific location is chosen to make FDI. The third (internalization) advantage is meeting demands on global market by trading. (Dunning 1977, Helldin 2007, p8). Ownership Specific Advantage (O): MNEs enjoys business advantage in some area such as size, established position, and monopoly power. MNEs also have some specific advantage in some business area such as capital, advance technology, research and development, highly skilled human capital, trade marks, receipt of government grant and property right over intellectual property (Bennett, 1999). Location Hypothesis (L): This hypothesis explains the existence of FDI which is a result of international immobility of factors of production: labour, natural resources and weather. The immobility factors result to location-related differences in the cost of production. Horst (1972b, quote in Moosa, 2002, p.33) used this hypothesis to explain US FDI in Canada. Most MNEs prefer to locate their production facilities in an area where there is cheap labour. Lucas (1993) proves that there is inverse relationship between FDI and wages. He explained that a rise in wages in the host economy will increase the cost of production and have adverse effect on production and FDI. This will shift the host economy from labour incentive to capital incentive and will also encourage FDI Lucas (1993). The advantages of location specific (L) include low transport cost, low purchase input, economics of large scale, good communication, low labour cost, near to market advantage, availability of local business support ( market research firm) and the avoidance of trade restriction (artificial barriers) impose by host nation to reduced import (Bennett, 1999). Internalization Hypothesis Internalization hypothesis explains that FDI arises due to the impact of MNEs. MNEs is established to replace market (external) transaction with internal transaction. Coase (1973, says in Moosa, 2002) is of the opinion that market cost can be saved by forming a firm (p, 32). He gave an example of bottleneck encountered in purchasing oil product while compelling a firm to buy a refinery. These problems are caused by market failure and imperfection in intermediate goods, including technical know how, marketing and management enterprises (Moosa, 2002). MNEs invest in host countries in order to boycott expensive suppliers and distributors. Foreign government import restrictions will be avoided through local subsidy rather than exporting direct. Also the marketing aspect will be managed and controlled by the producing firm; there will be no intermediate sales or Value Added tax (Bennett, 1999). According to Dunning (2003), internalization incentive advantages are to protect or exploit mar ket failure (p.99). The Product Cycle Theory The theory was invented by Vernon in 1966. This theory explains the competitive advantage possessed by MNEs or potential MNEs originated in a country instead of another. The competitive advantage move from a stage of local production in home market, to exportation, and then to FDI (Dunning 2003). His theory was a based on U.S. directs investment in import substitution producing activities standards and economics structure. Also the ownership advantages of firms that produces or supplies a product had a little say about the advantages of common governance (Dunning, 2003). The theory is more useful in analysis of MNEs in FDI activities such as capital exportation, services activities, inward outward investment and so on. Core –Asset Theory Core Asset Theory was propounded by Hymer in 1976. Dunning said the theory explains the territorial expansion of a firm in terms of its exclusive or privileged possession of intangible assets, which it perceived could be utilized in a foreign country Dunning (2003, p.279). Several writers have to identify which O specific right were the most significant in determining the ability of MNEs to compete in foreign market. The theory examines the role of Foreign Service firms in market seeking sector, which is different from Product Cycle Theory focus on resources based industries or manufacturing sector. Also the theory was less concerned with where firms or MNES are located. According to Dunning (2003), the theory underestimates the important of the organizational mechanism by which the competitive advantage (Product Cycle Theory) is exploited (Dunning, 2003). The theory is limited to FDI or MNEs in technological advancement ,RD, position, product quality and so on, but it just examines the growth in foreign firms in global oriented and integrated service industries (Dunning ,2003). Strategy Related the Theories Knickerbocker, in 1973, was the first person to examine the strategy of MNEs. His analysis was that MNEs activities will be a function of high seller concentration. Dunning (2003) stated that Knickerbocker hypothesized that MNE activity would tend to be concentrated in industries characterized by high seller concentration, and that firms in those industries will engage in follow my leader tactics in the timing of their foreign investments, to protect or advanced their global competitive position (Dunning, 2003, p.280). Most studies on MNEs, the area of extraction, manufacturing and the likes was in support of this theory but the theory was less relevant in foreign firms activities in service industries because of its less oligopolistic nature (Dunning, 2003). However, these theory was fragile in MNEs with high level of diversification since one of the main aims of MNEs is expansion and diversify in area like service sector which may be outside their main activities which will create problem for the theory. The Risk Diversification Hypothesis The theoretical background of this hypothesis can be traced back to the theory of portfolio selection by Markowitz (1959) and Tobin (1958). The risk diversification hypothesis was propounded by Grubelin in 1968, but the idea was revisited and made known by Rugman in 1979. The hypothesis was that MNEs reduces the portfolio risk by diversification, which is investment in foreign assets that usually consist of service industries like banking, insurance, communication and so on. Most construction firm may want to make their working capital active by buying financial assets (Dunning, 2003). This kind of investment is not capital intensive. The Aliber Thesis Alibers (1970 1971, quoted in Dunning, 2003, p.280) seek to determine why firms pay their foreign assets in local currencies when they produce abroad. The theory explains that foreign firms take advantage of the home stronger currency to acquire ownership of assets in host economy due to their weak currency. Albert also argues that fluctuation in foreign exchange market that result to undervaluation or overvaluat